On the Trading Floor
Have you ever seen a trading floor?
No, were not talking Liars Poker here
Weve all seen the so-called pit traders on CNBC yelling and screaming at each other. But whats it like on a typical trading floor at a large bank that you might work at?
Usually, youll see one large open room " no cubicles. On the edges of the trading floor youll see meeting rooms and occasionally the offices of the Managing Directors.
On the floor itself, youll see rows of really long tables that are sectioned off per person. Traders within the same group will naturally sit within close proximity of each other. There might be the foreign exchange group in one area, the credit group in another, and the equity guys somewhere else.
But youll notice something unique about each traders desk: the monitors. No, not that they are eco-friendly and conserve energy " but that there are so many monitors on each desk and that some of them are constantly blinking.
Got Monitors?
If youve never worked in trading before, you might think theres no reason you would actually need between 3 and 8 monitors " the other 7 must be for playing World of Warcraft or catching up on 24, right?
Wrong.
Partly, its for showing off: some traders view the number of monitors they have as a status symbol on the trading floor. Hey, even if you cant see my BMW, my 8 monitors mean that I own a really expensive car, right? Or at least that our P&L is higher than that of the other group over there with only 2 monitors.
The actual rationale " status symbols aside " is that timing is extremely important in trading, and you dont want to waste time switching between windows. Alt + Tab is for bankers.
If Apple stock has been moving quickly, you need to be able to look up and know by how much it moved. You need to be able to look at a screen that calculates your risk exposure real-time.
Then you need to monitor the market news and major headlines coming in through Bloomberg " is Steve Jobs OK? Is some analyst raising his/her prediction for the number of iPhones sold? Was there an news release that just came out regarding Apples contract with AT&T or talks with Verizon? Did consumer spending numbers just come out?
As an active prop trader, youre multi-tasking all the time and constantly thinking about these kinds of questions, assessing risk, and making quick decisions.
Bloomberg
Bloomberg is an expensive news/finance information service that all banks and trading firms have access to.
Beyond just watching the news, you also need to track stocks youre interested in and see their prices updated in real-time " so you use another monitor for that. These screens are constantly blinking as the prices of securities are changing every second.
Bloomberg has a price feature that lets you organize and track stocks by sector (Technology, Financials, Energy, etc.) and lets you see where everything is trading.
You can also get a real-time heat map of the market, so you can see which sub-sectors of the S&P are up, and by how much.
Trading Platform
Next, you use another monitor to actually make your trades " this might be Merrills MLX platform, Goldmans REDIPlus platform, FlexTrade, Fidessa, or anything else.
If youre trading equity derivatives, you need to enter your orders for stocks, puts, and calls quickly and monitor any pending orders that are waiting to be filled.
Why do you need an entire monitor just for making trades?
Because you might be trading over 100 individual stocks, and each of those stocks might have over 20 positions in option contracts, with various maturities and strike prices.
Depending on what youre trading, you might actually need 2 monitors to track everything.
Option Valuations / Other Calculations
If youre not trading derivatives, you wont need to value options " but you may well have to make other calculations, whether youre valuing bonds, analyzing the yield curve, or back-testing a trading strategy.
While the math itself is not quite rocket science, it goes beyond what most bankers deal with: simple arithmetic. While investment bankers may come from liberal arts, finance, or engineering backgrounds, derivatives traders primarily come from mathematical / engineering backgrounds.
Your firm might have a proprietary way of valuing options, developed by a senior IT programmer (see, the back office may have some merits after all) " and depending on what youre trading, it might be very complex.
Getting these programs working properly can be difficult because they need to be synced up with other programs you use. Getting the # of shares and contracts held, exposure to risk, and other variables linked together dynamically rarely works perfectly " and this complexity means youll be calling the back-office tech guy or floor IT guy to fix technical issues quite frequently.
Messages
Of course, youll also need a monitor for Outlook " the standard email program at any bank " to handle email and see incoming emails from brokers and the rest of your team.
The Rest of Your Desk
So what else is on your desk?
Just like at a bank, you get a phone terminal along with a headset and regular phone " but be careful about the conversations you have, because anything between brokers and clients is recorded.
Talking about bottles may not get you fired " but you probably want to postpone talking with your model(s) until later. Even if its not recorded, everyone else on the desk will hear what youre saying.
The phones are also connected to CNBC audio, so you can listen to whats going on in the news throughout the day.
So What Else Do You Do On the Phone Besides Chatting with Models?
For one, the phone actually rings quite often " especially between the trading hours of 9:30 AM and 4:00 PM.
Most of the time, brokers call to tell you what their clients are looking to buy and sell and see if you have any interest. Some of this is shifting to online chat instead, but its still common for brokers to call to get your attention on larger orders.
Junior traders will have often help deal with the influx of phone calls by screening the phone calls and taking down broker quotes.
Forget About the Bathroom " or Trips to Starbucks
This also brings up another key point and a major difference between banking and trading: most traders hate leaving their desks for fear of missing out on something important.
Lunch breaks are limited to 15 minutes (and often the junior guys or interns will go get the food for them). Bathroom breaks are rare unless you really need to go. Forget about 10 trips to Starbucks during the day: bankers can do that only because they have so much down time. No friendly chats with the cute marketing intern " at least not until the market is closed. This also means that its common for traders to gain weight: they pretty much just sit there all day, eyes glued to the monitors, only taking the occasional break to eat.
If you walk up and try to talk to a trader, half the time he wont even look at you: this might seem rude to you, but to him not paying attention for even a few seconds might result in a loss of thousands or tens of thousands of dollars.
And part of it is just habit: theyre so used to having their eyes glued on the screen that its almost weird to look away from it.
Hey, if you had that much money on the line constantly, you probably wouldnt give the time of day to bright-eyed interns or newbie traders either
No, were not talking Liars Poker here
Weve all seen the so-called pit traders on CNBC yelling and screaming at each other. But whats it like on a typical trading floor at a large bank that you might work at?
Usually, youll see one large open room " no cubicles. On the edges of the trading floor youll see meeting rooms and occasionally the offices of the Managing Directors.
On the floor itself, youll see rows of really long tables that are sectioned off per person. Traders within the same group will naturally sit within close proximity of each other. There might be the foreign exchange group in one area, the credit group in another, and the equity guys somewhere else.
But youll notice something unique about each traders desk: the monitors. No, not that they are eco-friendly and conserve energy " but that there are so many monitors on each desk and that some of them are constantly blinking.
Got Monitors?
If youve never worked in trading before, you might think theres no reason you would actually need between 3 and 8 monitors " the other 7 must be for playing World of Warcraft or catching up on 24, right?
Wrong.
Partly, its for showing off: some traders view the number of monitors they have as a status symbol on the trading floor. Hey, even if you cant see my BMW, my 8 monitors mean that I own a really expensive car, right? Or at least that our P&L is higher than that of the other group over there with only 2 monitors.
The actual rationale " status symbols aside " is that timing is extremely important in trading, and you dont want to waste time switching between windows. Alt + Tab is for bankers.
If Apple stock has been moving quickly, you need to be able to look up and know by how much it moved. You need to be able to look at a screen that calculates your risk exposure real-time.
Then you need to monitor the market news and major headlines coming in through Bloomberg " is Steve Jobs OK? Is some analyst raising his/her prediction for the number of iPhones sold? Was there an news release that just came out regarding Apples contract with AT&T or talks with Verizon? Did consumer spending numbers just come out?
As an active prop trader, youre multi-tasking all the time and constantly thinking about these kinds of questions, assessing risk, and making quick decisions.
Bloomberg
Bloomberg is an expensive news/finance information service that all banks and trading firms have access to.
Beyond just watching the news, you also need to track stocks youre interested in and see their prices updated in real-time " so you use another monitor for that. These screens are constantly blinking as the prices of securities are changing every second.
Bloomberg has a price feature that lets you organize and track stocks by sector (Technology, Financials, Energy, etc.) and lets you see where everything is trading.
You can also get a real-time heat map of the market, so you can see which sub-sectors of the S&P are up, and by how much.
Trading Platform
Next, you use another monitor to actually make your trades " this might be Merrills MLX platform, Goldmans REDIPlus platform, FlexTrade, Fidessa, or anything else.
If youre trading equity derivatives, you need to enter your orders for stocks, puts, and calls quickly and monitor any pending orders that are waiting to be filled.
Why do you need an entire monitor just for making trades?
Because you might be trading over 100 individual stocks, and each of those stocks might have over 20 positions in option contracts, with various maturities and strike prices.
Depending on what youre trading, you might actually need 2 monitors to track everything.
Option Valuations / Other Calculations
If youre not trading derivatives, you wont need to value options " but you may well have to make other calculations, whether youre valuing bonds, analyzing the yield curve, or back-testing a trading strategy.
While the math itself is not quite rocket science, it goes beyond what most bankers deal with: simple arithmetic. While investment bankers may come from liberal arts, finance, or engineering backgrounds, derivatives traders primarily come from mathematical / engineering backgrounds.
Your firm might have a proprietary way of valuing options, developed by a senior IT programmer (see, the back office may have some merits after all) " and depending on what youre trading, it might be very complex.
Getting these programs working properly can be difficult because they need to be synced up with other programs you use. Getting the # of shares and contracts held, exposure to risk, and other variables linked together dynamically rarely works perfectly " and this complexity means youll be calling the back-office tech guy or floor IT guy to fix technical issues quite frequently.
Messages
Of course, youll also need a monitor for Outlook " the standard email program at any bank " to handle email and see incoming emails from brokers and the rest of your team.
The Rest of Your Desk
So what else is on your desk?
Just like at a bank, you get a phone terminal along with a headset and regular phone " but be careful about the conversations you have, because anything between brokers and clients is recorded.
Talking about bottles may not get you fired " but you probably want to postpone talking with your model(s) until later. Even if its not recorded, everyone else on the desk will hear what youre saying.
The phones are also connected to CNBC audio, so you can listen to whats going on in the news throughout the day.
So What Else Do You Do On the Phone Besides Chatting with Models?
For one, the phone actually rings quite often " especially between the trading hours of 9:30 AM and 4:00 PM.
Most of the time, brokers call to tell you what their clients are looking to buy and sell and see if you have any interest. Some of this is shifting to online chat instead, but its still common for brokers to call to get your attention on larger orders.
Junior traders will have often help deal with the influx of phone calls by screening the phone calls and taking down broker quotes.
Forget About the Bathroom " or Trips to Starbucks
This also brings up another key point and a major difference between banking and trading: most traders hate leaving their desks for fear of missing out on something important.
Lunch breaks are limited to 15 minutes (and often the junior guys or interns will go get the food for them). Bathroom breaks are rare unless you really need to go. Forget about 10 trips to Starbucks during the day: bankers can do that only because they have so much down time. No friendly chats with the cute marketing intern " at least not until the market is closed. This also means that its common for traders to gain weight: they pretty much just sit there all day, eyes glued to the monitors, only taking the occasional break to eat.
If you walk up and try to talk to a trader, half the time he wont even look at you: this might seem rude to you, but to him not paying attention for even a few seconds might result in a loss of thousands or tens of thousands of dollars.
And part of it is just habit: theyre so used to having their eyes glued on the screen that its almost weird to look away from it.
Hey, if you had that much money on the line constantly, you probably wouldnt give the time of day to bright-eyed interns or newbie traders either
About the Author:
This text was guest-written by Zeke Lee, a Stanford graduate, former management consultant with Booz Allen, and current equity derivatives trader on Wall Street. He founded the GMAT Pill (GMAT Prep course) based on his experience scoring in the 98th %ile on the GMAT in just 2 weeks with a special study method.